HTML Text, CSS Introduction, and Basic JavaScript Instructions

This section summarizes material covered in Duckett HTML & CSS

HTML elements are used to describe the structure of the page
HTML elements provide semantic info (where emphasis should be placed, quotations)

CSS treats each HTML element as if it appears inside its own box and uses rules to indicatie how the element should look
Rules are made up selectors and declarations
Selectors specify the elements the rule applies to
Declarations indicate what these elements should look like
Declarations are made up of two parts: properties of the element that you want to change, and the values of those properties
CSS rules usually appear in a separate document

JavaScript

and Duckett JavaScript books

A script is made up of a series of statements
Variables are used to temporarily store pieces of info used in the script
Arrays are special types of variables that store more than one piece of related info
JavaScript distinguishes between numbers (0-9), strings (text), and Boolean Values (true or false)
Expressions evaluate into a single value
Expressions rely on operators to calculate a value

Conditional statements allow your code to make decisions about what to do next
comparison operators are used to compare two operands
Logical operators allow you to combine more than one set of comparision operators
if…else statements allow you to run one set of code if a condition is true, and if another if it is false
switch statements allow you to compare a value against possible outcomes (or default option)
data types can be coerced from one type to another
All values evaluate to either truthy or falsy
break causes the termination of the loop and tells the interpreter to go onto the next statement of code outside of the loop
continue tells the interpreter to continue with the current iteration, and then check the condition again. If it’s true, the code runs again
for loop — the condition is usually a counter which is used to tell how many times the loop should run (if you need to run code a specific number of times)
while loop — the condition can be something other than a counter, and the code will continue to loop for as long as the condition is true (if you do not know how many times the code should run)
do while loop always runs the statements inside the curly braces at least once, even if the condition evaluates to false